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training:embedded_systems [2017/08/01 08:33] aobatake |
training:embedded_systems [2021/09/19 21:59] (current) |
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| An **embedded system** is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is //embedded// as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. A lot of the time, embedded systems are only designed to do specific tasks. They're not as robust as, say, a home PC. Because of this, the advantages of designing an embedded system is it's reduced size, low production cost, and improved performance. If you are doing a weatherbox project, you are most likely tasked with designing an embedded system from scratch; complete with sensors, circuitry, and a microprocessor/microcontroller. As you design your system, remember that your goal is to make it as small, cheap, and efficient as possible. If you need more information on embedded systems, [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system | this wikipedia article ]] is a good resource to start with. | An **embedded system** is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is //embedded// as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. A lot of the time, embedded systems are only designed to do specific tasks. They're not as robust as, say, a home PC. Because of this, the advantages of designing an embedded system is it's reduced size, low production cost, and improved performance. If you are doing a weatherbox project, you are most likely tasked with designing an embedded system from scratch; complete with sensors, circuitry, and a microprocessor/microcontroller. As you design your system, remember that your goal is to make it as small, cheap, and efficient as possible. If you need more information on embedded systems, [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system | this wikipedia article ]] is a good resource to start with. | ||
| - | ===== Microcontrollers ===== | + | ===== Microcontroller ===== |
| - | A **microprocessor** is a computer processor which incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC), or at most a few integrated circuits. The microprocessor is a multipurpose, clock driven, register based, digital-integrated circuit which accepts binary data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides results as output. Microprocessors contain both combinational logic and sequential digital logic. Microprocessors operate on numbers and symbols represented in the binary numeral system. For more information, visit the [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor | microprocessor wikipedia page. ]] | + | A **microcontroller** is a small computer on a single integrated circuit. In modern terminology, it is a system on a chip or SoC. A microcontroller contains one or more CPUs (processor cores) along with memory and programmable input/output peripherals. Program memory in the form of Ferroelectric RAM, NOR flash or OTP ROM is also often included on chip, as well as a small amount of RAM. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications consisting of various discrete chips. [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcontroller | microprocessor wikipedia page. ]] |
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| - | ^Communication Protocol ^Description ^ | + | |Communication Protocol | Description | |
| - | | [[https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/i2c|Inter-integrated Circuit (I2C)]]| Description here | | + | | [[https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/serial-communication|Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)]]| Allows a microcontroller to communicate asynchronously(without CLK support) with a device. Uses only two data lines (Tx/Rx) for communication. | |
| - | | [[https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/serial-communication|Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)]]| Description here| | + | | [[https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/serial-peripheral-interface-spi|Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)]]| Allows microcontroller to communicate synchronously(with CLK). Usually has four lines: Master In Slave out (MISO), Master out Slave in (MOSI), CLK, and an enable pin. | |
| - | | [[https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/serial-peripheral-interface-spi|Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)]]| Description here | | + | | [[https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/i2c|Inter-integrated Circuit (I2C)]]| A complex compromise between UART and SPI. Uses two lines: SDA and SCL. | |